It is the first study of its kind, done by some of the best specialists in the field, and is a welcome addition to the field of iranian studies. The bulk of the book focuses upon the revolutionary leader ayatollah ruholla khomeini and the impact the revolution had upon the iranian people, the middle east, and particularly the u. Shia clergy or ulama have historically had a significant influence in iran. The economic crisis had been, up to that point, the leading cause of revolutions and iran had been enjoying relative economic prosperity. The iranian revolution there are various parties that have different viewpoints and opinions of the revolution. What irans 1979 revolution meant for us and global oil markets. The global energy industry absorbed the shocks of the revolution, and emerged better and. Enter your mobile number or email address below and well send you a link to download the free. Start studying causes and effects of iranian revolution. The iranian revolution has also jeopardized the energy security of western oil importing states that had come to depend on iranian oi1,made especially attractive due to the shahs refusal to. Impact of the iranian revolution on oil still lingers. A perspective on the global impact of islamic cultures and civilizations. On a domestic level, irans political, economic, and cultural independence from foreign powers was a key factor that united the different factions against the monarchy. It was a close ally of the west and the united states in particular.
Iranian revolution, popular uprising in 197879 that resulted in the fall of the pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an islamic republic. Miami, fl florida international university press, 1990. How iran and the world around ithave changed in the four decades since a revolutionary theocracy took power. Foucault and the iranian revolution is the first booklength analysis of these essays on iran, the majority of which have never before appeared in english. Although the fear of a foreign invasion and regime change has. The islamic revolution marked a clear turning point in the history of the modern middle east. Aug 23, 2011 fred halliday, in a talk in february 2009, described the iranian revolution as the first truly modern revolution. The iranian revolution and its impact o essay 1588 words. It came about as the culmination of decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an increasingly repressive regime. The iranian revolution, its global impact is the study of a subject that is both vast and complex.
These groups, which included clergy, landowners, intellectuals, and merchants, had previously come together in the constitutional revolution of 190511. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east. Based on the scholarly literature, the study argues that it was only ruhollahs key thinking that led and formed the. The 1979 revolution, which brought together iranians across many different social groups, has its roots in iran s long history. The impact of identity politics on iranianamerican. In particular, it advanced the notion of islamic activism as a potential force in governance by showing that participating in elections and governing within limits, did not violate gods rule.
Anatomy of a revolution a look at the events that triggered the khomeini movement and led to irans islamic revolution in 1979. Thus, in 1980, iraq, with financial support from the other nations and the backing of the united states, invaded iran in an attempt to destroy the revolution in its infancy. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. The revolution placed iran at the forefront of middle east politics and the islamic revival. The iranian revolution past, present and future glittering achievements, the sassanid empire was characterised by extreme oppression of the downtrodden masses. The iranian revolution and its impact on women revolutions have always had an effect on women and their role in society. What irans 1979 revolution meant for us and global oil. Iran had been the most westernized and secular country in the middle east. A wonderfully concise yet complete survey of the background and st. Causes and effects of iranian revolution flashcards quizlet. Jun 18, 2019 global versus internal perceptions of the revolution the iranian revolution shocked the world as it was not caused by economic issues, but rather cultural reform.
Esposito is director of the center for international studies and professor of religious studies at the college of the holy cross. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. In some of its basic characteristics, the revolution did not conform to the usual norms of western revolutions, because the state did not represent just an ordinary dictatorship but an absolute and arbitrary system that lacked political legitimacy and a social base virtually across the whole of the society. Washington is afraid that nations might follow the model of the islamic revolution, he told the tehran foreign. Pdf globalization and its impacts on iranian culture. Occasional paper understanding irans role in the syrian conflict. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east institute.
The seizure of the us embassy in tehran on 4 november 1979 confirmed iran s antiwestern credentials, while tehrans call for an islamic revolution among the ummah, or global muslim communityand the oppressed of the worldserved notice of its global ambitions. The consolidation of the iranian revolution refers to a turbulent process of islamic republic stabilization, following the completion of the revolution. Akhavi 1990, the impact of the iranian revolution on egypt, in j. The islamic revolutions impact on political islam and the. Iran has a large population and a long history of nationhood, while saudi arabia holds significant oil reserves and is custodian of islams holiest sites. In the 1970s, conflict was sparked by some iranians determination to overthrow shah reza pahlavi, a leader of iran that the united states helped bring to power. Accompanying the analysis are annotated translations of the iran writings in their entirety and the at times blistering responses from such contemporaneous critics as middle east scholar. Unlike most of the other uprisings that would topple dictators in latin america, eastern europe, and parts of asia and africa, the result. Iran has a large population and a long history of nationhood, while saudi arabia holds significant oil reserves and is custodian of islams holiest sites before the 1979 iranian revolution, relations between iran and saudi arabia proceeded without major incident. Its economy and the apparatus of government collapsed. Its mission is to be an analytical, researchled global forum for informing, influencing and.
The leaders of iraq, kuwait, saudi arabia and the gulf states were also distressed by the iranian revolution and feared similar events in their own nations. Its lessons for today kamran nayeri and alireza nasab achievements the february 1979 iranian revolution was the largest urban mass uprising since the 1917 russian revolution. Edward said and the iranian revolution david zarnett the iranian revolution was not only a godsend for those muslims who identified with its cause, it was also a blessing for those among the american left who saw it as a significant blow against the evil american empire. That notwithstanding, irans potential to expend its nonoil exports to any country was severely curtailed after the 1974 oil price increases by added. An independent revolutionary iran could have provided economic and political assistance to kabul and mitigated its reliance on theussr.
The theocracy had the consent of the governed, which represented a government that the people wanted. The voice of the iranian revolution was heard across the world from an early stage and particularly alarmed the countries with the substantial muslim minorities. Impact of the iranian revolution on oil still lingers the. Occasional paper understanding irans role in the syrian. Nevertheless, for the iranian world the advent of islam meant not liberation but defeat and conquest by an alien people. The impact of identity politics on iranianamerican relations. The iranian revolution sparked the worlds second oil shock in five years. The iranian revolution is a prime example of both ends of the spectrum.
Iran s 1979 revolution is one of the most important events of the late twentieth. Feb 14, 2009 the voice of the iranian revolution was heard across the world from an early stage and particularly alarmed the countries with the substantial muslim minorities. Strikes began in iran s oil fields in the autumn 1978 and by january 1979, crude oil production declined by 4. Western policies on iranand on the muslim world more broadlyhave consistently overlooked the impact of the ideology born of the events of 1979. The revolution of february 1979 was a revolt of the society against the state. The rise and fall of the iranian revolution of 1979. That revolution was fought in the name of islam, with its traditional. Ideology and irans revolution tony blair institute for global. More recently, the question of imperialism has emerged once againin regard to the wars in iraq and afghanistan, but more particularly in how the left should approach a popular struggle within a nation whose state perceives itself as a bastion against. Strikes began in irans oil fields in the autumn 1978 and by january 1979, crude oil production declined by 4.
Global history and geography ii regents examination. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. The islamic revolution and its affect on the iranian. The political foundations of the neighbouring countries were shaken especially of those who had significant shiite population, namely, saudi, kuwait, bahrain and iraq. Iran s revolution began with a popular democracy movement and ended with the establishment of the world s first islamic state. Syrias president bashar alassad says the united states is afraid of irans 1979 islamic revolution inspiring peoples across the world.
Jun 03, 2018 syrias president bashar alassad says the united states is afraid of irans 1979 islamic revolution inspiring peoples across the world. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution amazon s3. Not until 2015, with an influx of international investment, did iraq surpass its 1979 production high. Iranians understood the diplomatic issues between the us and iran, so they transferred their feelings of hatred from the shah onto america. The international political implications of the iranian revolution will not be known for many years to come, and american foreign policy makers and pundits will debate the question of who lost iran long after that. Iranians understood the diplomatic issues between the us and iran, so they.
The 1979 iranian revolution was a major landmark in iranian history. Jan 29, 2009 the revolution of february 1979 was a revolt of the society against the state. Jul 26, 2012 the impact of identity politics on iranianamerican relations following the iranian revolution the year 1979 is a watershed for iranianamerican relations. Iranian revolution first great insurrection against global systems the revolution opened a new chapter for political islam in the late 20th and early 21st centuries and had a deep impact on revolutionary movements across the globe, especially those that were using the islamic frame of reference for political activism.
The clergy first showed themselves to be a powerful political force in opposition to irans monarch with the 1891 tobacco protest boycott that effectively destroyed an unpopular concession granted by the shah giving a british company a monopoly over buying and selling tobacco in iran. The iranian revolution was a conflict over identity through the lens of nationalism. Iranian revolution how is the islamic revolution connected. The role and contribution of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini. The enmity between iran and saudi arabia is a persistent feature of middle eastern geopolitics. The iranian revolution and its aftershock springerlink. Mar 25, 2020 iranian revolution, popular uprising in 197879 that resulted in the fall of the pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an islamic republic. Before the 1979 iranian revolution, relations between. But it was iran that gave the modern muslim world its first successful. After the shah of iran and his regime were overthrown by revolutionaries in february 1979, iran was in a revolutionary crisis mode from this time until 1982 or 1983. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. These foreign policies have, at the same time, prevented the iranian revolution from playing the positive international role that it could potentially have fulfilled, particularly visavis the revolution in neighbouring afghanistan. The iranian revolution and its impact on the region. As the architect of the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah khomeini remains one of the most inspirational and enigmatic figures of the twentieth century.
For many, various 20th century revolutions had presented a challenge to marxs theories of revolution. An islamic revolution and the subsequent establishment of an islamic republic in iran in 1979 transformed one of the most important allies of america in the middle east into one of its. Additionally, western influence in iran is clear during the period leading up to the iranian revolution. Mar 05, 2019 the iranian revolution sparked the worlds second oil shock in five years. The impact of identity politics on iranianamerican relations following the iranian revolution the year 1979 is a watershed for iranianamerican relations. This paper is the first in a series by the tony blair institute for global change looking at how the west has misunderstood the importance of the iranian revolution. The revolution and the iranian revolution 2172 words 9 pages.
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